<\/span><\/h3>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a HBM l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t<\/b>. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, qua th\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf), v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Thang \u0111o Likert (Likert Scale)<\/b>, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd”, “\u0110\u1ed3ng \u00fd”, “Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd”, “Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd”).<\/p>\n<\/span>3.4. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng HBM trong Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/h3>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Mang thai \u1edf tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean<\/b><\/p>\n\n- C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Nguy c\u01a1:<\/b> “B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sau: ‘T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7'” (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang \u0111o Likert).<\/li>\n
- C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng:<\/b> “B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sau: ‘Mang thai khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i’?” (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang \u0111o Likert).<\/li>\n
- R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn:<\/b> “B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sau: ‘T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai’?” (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang \u0111o Likert).<\/li>\n
- L\u1ee3i \u00edch C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn:<\/b> “Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 con quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?” (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang \u0111o 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m).<\/li>\n
- D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/b> “B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c an to\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?” (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang \u0111o 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m).<\/li>\n
- T\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n:<\/b> “Tr\u00ean thang \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb 1-5, b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3?”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i \u1edf Iran (2012)<\/b> M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eaft ngang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean 204 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Abadeh, Iran \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a HBM:<\/p>\n\n- C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Nguy c\u01a1:<\/b> “B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?” (Kh\u00f4ng\/\u00cdt\/Nhi\u1ec1u).<\/li>\n
- C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng:<\/b> “Theo b\u1ea1n, b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?” (Kh\u00f4ng\/\u00cdt\/Nhi\u1ec1u\/R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u).<\/li>\n
- L\u1ee3i \u00edch C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn:<\/b> “B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 m\u1ed7i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i? Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi ng\u1edd cho trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf.” (Kh\u00f4ng\/\u00cdt\/Nhi\u1ec1u).<\/li>\n
- R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn:<\/b> “M\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00e1nh xa m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng.” (Kh\u00f4ng\/\u00cdt\/Nhi\u1ec1u).<\/li>\n
- D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/b> “B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u1edd r\u01a1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a?” (C\u00f3\/Kh\u00f4ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh HBM \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
<\/span>4. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh: \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>4.1. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/h3>\nHBM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. C\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m STDs\/STIs, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
<\/span>4.2. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/h3>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh HBM c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n
\n- B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe:<\/b> N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n
- Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
- Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin:<\/b> N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/li>\n
- B\u1ecf qua y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i:<\/b> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n
- Thi\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/b> N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>4.3. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/span><\/h3>\nDo nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean, M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ni\u1ec1m tin S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Sinh th\u00e1i X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ni\u1ec1m tin S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (Health Belief Model – HBM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Y t\u1ebf C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoc-ve-y-te-cong-cong"],"yoast_head":"\n
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