{"id":189,"date":"2026-03-07T06:18:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T23:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/?p=189"},"modified":"2026-03-09T05:53:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T22:53:29","slug":"tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i Sao Ch\u00fang Ta L\u1ea1i Ph\u1edbt L\u1edd S\u1ee9c Kh\u1ecfe Ch\u00ednh M\u00ecnh? 6 Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 T\u1eeb M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Ni\u1ec1m Tin S\u1ee9c Kh\u1ecfe (HBM)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i? C\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, hay t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ch\u1ee5p X-quang ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed? \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 &#8220;ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c&#8221; m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng phi l\u00fd n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ni\u1ec1m tin S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (Health Belief Model &#8211; HBM). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111ang \u00e2m th\u1ea7m ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" 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href=\"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm\/#Thuc_tai_nam_o_cach_ban_nhin_nhan_khong_phai_o_ban_chat_su_viec\" >Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm\/#Su_ra_doi_tu_mot_that_bai_y_te_day_bat_ngo\" >S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm\/#%22Phep_tinh%22_ngam_trong_nao_bo_Loi_ich_so_voi_Rao_can\" >\"Ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh\" ng\u1ea7m trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9: L\u1ee3i \u00edch so v\u1edbi R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm\/#Tin_hieu_hanh_dong_Khi_mot_%22loi_nhac%22_thay_doi_tat_ca\" >T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: Khi m\u1ed9t \"l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc\" thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm\/#Nang_luc_tu_than_Self-Efficacy_Bi_mat_cua_su_kien_tri\" >N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n (Self-Efficacy): B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm\/#Diem_mu_cua_logic_Tai_sao_HBM_khong_phai_la_%22chiec_dua_than%22\" >\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u00f9 c\u1ee7a logic: T\u1ea1i sao HBM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \"chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n\"<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mrytcc.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/tai-sao-chung-ta-lai-phot-lo-suc-khoe-chinh-minh-6-kham-pha-tu-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe-hbm\/#Ket_luan_Hieu_minh_de_song_khoe_hon\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Hi\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuc_tai_nam_o_cach_ban_nhin_nhan_khong_phai_o_ban_chat_su_viec\"><\/span>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a HBM kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1ch quan, m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o &#8220;nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n&#8221; (Individual Perceptions). Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n b\u1edfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Deepak Chopra t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan theo s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean gia, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng &#8220;th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i&#8221; c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng (Perceived Susceptibility), trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia tin r\u1eb1ng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00f3 &#8220;ch\u1eeba m\u00ecnh ra&#8221;. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (Perceived Severity) n\u00e0y s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5c m\u00e1y g\u1ecdi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch ph\u1edbt l\u1edd.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_ra_doi_tu_mot_that_bai_y_te_day_bat_ngo\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh HBM kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u00f3c b\u00faa v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i C\u01a1 quan Y t\u1ebf C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Hoa K\u1ef3 (bao g\u1ed3m Hochbaum, Rosenstock v\u00e0 Kegels) \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t lao ph\u1ed5i (tuberculosis) mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n?<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t: <b>&#8220;Th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vaccine&#8221;<\/b>. Vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c y khoa hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean logic khoa h\u1ecdc; h\u1ecd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd <i>tin<\/i>. T\u1eeb 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 6 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<h3>&#8220;Ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh&#8221; ng\u1ea7m trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9: L\u1ee3i \u00edch so v\u1edbi R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ee3i \u00edch (Perceived Benefits) v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n (Perceived Barriers).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/b> L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p nh\u0169 \u1ea3nh (mammography) gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li><b>R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n:<\/b> L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng (khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m STDs) ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: <b>R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh (\u0111au, t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n, m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian), trong khi l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec7nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai)<\/b>. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, &#8220;ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh&#8221; n\u00e0y s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: Khi m\u1ed9t &#8220;l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc&#8221; thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh sang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Cues to Action).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong:<\/b> C\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><b>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/b> C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;c\u00fa h\u00edch&#8221; c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u00edch n\u1ed5, bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 \u00e2m \u1ec9 th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nang_luc_tu_than_Self-Efficacy_Bi_mat_cua_su_kien_tri\"><\/span>N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n (Self-Efficacy): B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n&#8221; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o <b>k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c<\/b> (perceived skill\/adeptness) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng thai nhi tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean:<\/b> M\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft bao cao su c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 &#8220;th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o&#8221; (negotiate) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Abadeh, Iran (2012):<\/b> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean 204 gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c &#8220;t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng&#8221; v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gian nu\u00f4i nh\u1ed1t v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i) \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: Bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh <i>c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/i> \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u00f9 c\u1ee7a logic: T\u1ea1i sao HBM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, HBM v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (Modifying Factors):<\/b> Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp &#8220;nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u&#8221; c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i:<\/b> Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (social acceptability) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u00ec l\u00fd do s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/li>\n<li><b>R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n \u2013 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebfu l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh:<\/b> HBM gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t &#8220;t\u1ea1i sao&#8221; ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 &#8220;c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen th\u00e2m c\u0103n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p HBM v\u1edbi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Sinh th\u00e1i X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan_Hieu_minh_de_song_khoe_hon\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Hi\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ni\u1ec1m tin S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. L\u1ea7n t\u1edbi, khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hay m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t, h\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n: &#8220;R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p r\u1ee7i ro, hay m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u?&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby th\u00f4ng tin, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra &#8220;t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u&#8221; cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i? C\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, hay t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ch\u1ee5p X-quang ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,21],"tags":[49,28,10],"class_list":["post-189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c7-mo-hinh-niem-tin-suc-khoe","category-hoc-ve-y-te-cong-cong","tag-niem-tin","tag-suc-khoe","tag-y-te-cong-cong"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T\u1ea1i Sao Ch\u00fang Ta L\u1ea1i Ph\u1edbt L\u1edd S\u1ee9c Kh\u1ecfe Ch\u00ednh M\u00ecnh? 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